The adder is the UK's only venomous snake. Bites are rare but can be serious. Here's what to do if you're bitten.
What Is an Adder?
The common adder (Vipera berus) is found across the UK. It's about 60cm long, with a distinctive zigzag pattern on its back. It's not aggressive — it only bites if threatened.
Symptoms of a Bite
Immediate
- Pain: Intense pain at the bite site
- Swelling: Rapid swelling around the bite
- Bruising: Blue-black bruising develops
Delayed (within hours)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dizziness
- Difficulty breathing
- Swollen lymph nodes
First Aid
Do
- Stay calm: Most adder bites are not life-threatening
- Remove jewellery: Swelling can make rings and watches tight
- Keep still: Don't move the bitten limb
- Keep below heart level: This slows venom spread
- Call 999: Ask for an ambulance
Don't
- Don't wash the wound: The hospital may need to test for venom
- Don't cut the wound: This can cause infection
- Don't suck out the venom: This doesn't work
- Don't apply a tourniquet: This can cause more damage
- Don't apply ice: This can damage tissue
Treatment
Hospital treatment includes:
- Observation: Monitoring for 24-48 hours
- Antivenom: For severe bites
- Pain relief: Paracetamol or ibuprofen
- Elevation: Keeping the limb raised
Prevention
- Watch where you step: Adders bask in the sun
- Wear boots: When walking in long grass
- Don't handle snakes: Even if they look dead
- Keep dogs on leads: Dogs are more likely to be bitten
Conclusion
Adder bites are rare and rarely fatal. Stay calm, keep still, and call 999. Most people recover fully within a few days. Prevention is better than cure — watch where you step.
